Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Serengeti Eden ya Afrika

    HIFADHI ya Taifa ya Serengeti inayopita katika mikoa ya Arusha,Mwanza,Mara na Shinyanga ni eneo pekee duniani lenye kundi kubwa la wanyama wanaohama katika mfumo mzima wa mlishano.

   Inasemekena neno Serengeti linatokana na neno la kimasai la sirenget lenye maana ya  uwanda mpana wa nyasi fupi,malisho mengi na maji ya kutosha pengine ndiyo maana hifadhi hiyo inapewa majina mengi kama vile bustani ya Afrika na Edeni ya Afrika kutokana na utajiri wa maliasili uliopo ndani ya hifadhi hii.

Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Serengeti yenye ukubwa wa  kilometa za mraba 14,763 ilianzishwa mwaka 1951, ni Hifadhi ya Taifa ya pili kwa ukubwa nchini ikitanguliwa na hifadhi ya Taifa ya Ruaha yenye ukubwa wa kilometa za mraba 20,226.

     Umaarufu wa hifadhi ya Taifa ya Serengeti  unatokana na kuwa na misururu mirefu ya nyumbu wanaohama kwa makundi  na kuvuka hata mpaka wa Tanzania hadi hifadhi ya wanyama pori ya Maasai Mara nchini Kenya ambapo takwimu za TANAPA zinaonyesha kuwa kila mwaka zaidi ya nyumbu milioni moja,pundamilia 200,000, swala tomi zaidi ya 300,000 na pofu 12,000 huunga misafara ya kutafuta malisho na maji 

Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Serengeti huchukuliwa kama moja ya maajabu ya dunia kutokana na tendo la uhamaji wa nyumbu kutoka kusini hadi kaskazini na kurudi, tendo ambalo linafanyika mara moja tu kwa mwaka tendo hilo linaifanya hifadhi hii kuwa Eden ya Afrika na kupendwa kutembelewa na watu wengi ulimwenguni kote. Licha ya nyumbu wanyama wengine maarufu walao nyama katika hifadhi ya Taifa ya Serengeti ni chui na samba, ambapo utafiti umebaini kuwa ukubwa wa hifadhi hii umesaidia kudumisha uhai wa wanyama waliokuwa katika hatari ya kutoweka kama vile faru weusi na duma

       Watalii wanaotembelea Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Serengeti  kutokana na makundi makubwa ya nyumbu wameifanya hifadhi hiyo kuwa maarufu Afrika mashariki na ulimwenguni kote hali iliyosababisha shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Elimu na Sayansi UNESCO  kuitangaza Serengeti kuwa  eneo la urithi wa Dunia  kwa kuwa ndiyo eneo pekee ulimwenguni lililosalia kundi kubwa la wanyama wahamao.  Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Serengeti ipo umbali wa kilometa 335 kutoka Arusha ikiambaa kaskazini katika mpaka na nchi ya Kenya,kwa upande wa magharibi inapakana na na ziwa Viktoria.

      Hifadhi hii inafikika kwa kukodi ndege kutokea jijini Dar es salaam,Mwanza,Kilimanjaro na Arusha pia kwa barabara kutokea Arusha,Musoma na Mwanza,wakati mzuri wa kutembelea hifadhi hii ili kuona uhamaji wa nyumbu ni kuanzia mwezi Desemba hadi Julai.

Hifadhi ya Katavi

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Cultural Visit to Maasai Boma

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Maasai Boma

      Throughout history succession of cattle herding people moved into the Ngorongoro Area and lived here until forced to move on by other stronger tribes. Around 200 years ago the Maasai arrived driving all before them. It is still possible to visit their communities and see their traditional way of life.

     About 42,200 Maasai herders in the NCA. During the rainy season they move on to the open plains and in the long hard dry season they move into the nearby woods. The Maasai are permitted to descend with their animals into the Ngorongoro Crater for water and grazing. They are not allowed to live or farm there. Elsewhere in the NCA they can to roam freely. 

       Visitors are welcomed at several designated Maasai cultural bomas. A visit to one of the following is highly recommended:Kiloki Senyati Cultural Boma, Loonguku Cultural Boma, Irkeepusi Cultural Boma or Seneto Cultural Boma.

The Sandawe tribe in Tanzania

   The Sandawe are an indigenous ethnic group of Southeast Africa, based in the Kondoa district of Dodoma Region in central Tanzania. They were predominantly hunter-gatherers before Europeans colonized Africa in the 18th and 19th centuries. The Sandawe language is a tonal language with clicks, apparently related to the Khoe languages of southern Africa. 

   Culture

 The Sandawe practice an insular and deeply spiritual culture with an emphasis on animism. Caves in the hills were believed to harbor spirits and were respected and even feared. So as not to disturb these spirits, the caves were avoided, no animals were herded there, and no wood cut or twigs broken. Once a year the Sandawe would go to the caves to perform rituals of sacrifice in order to make sure the spirits would not be spiteful and interfere with the community's general well-being. People would go to the caves in the hills as a group shouting prayers to the spirits, assuring them that no one had come to disturb them, but had come to pay their respects. These prayers were shouted as loudly as possible, to make sure that the spirits could hear no matter where they were. 

    There was a god, Warange, who was so abstract, distant, and unrelated to the well-being of normal life that it was rarely prayed to or given sacrifices. As in almost all African areas, religion consisted of a long line of ancestors and a strongly-knit extended family system that mediated between living beings and a very remote all-powerful God. The Sandawe were and remain an outgoing people, fond of singing, dancing, making music, and drinking beer, and have an enormous store of songs. All ceremonials and rituals differed from one another, such as those of harvest and courtship, as did those of the curing rituals with their trances, the circumcision festivals, and simba possession dances, in which dancers imitated lions in order to combat witchcraft. The Sandawe still retain a strong oral tradition, loving to recount stories, which embody the collective wisdom of the group.